In seinem mehrbändigen ‘Treatise on Basic Philosophy’ begründet Mario Bunge u.a. die Notwendigkeit einer ‘scientific ontology’ und schlägt i.d.S. vor, bei einer sys-temischen Sicht auf die Welt die folgenden Arten von Systemen (systemgenera) an-zunehmen:

S1 = Physical
 
Microphysical, e.g. atoms and small scale fields
Mesophysical, e.g. bodies and large scale fields
Megaphysical, e.g. galaxis
 
S2 = Chemical
 
Microchemical, e.g. chemical reactors involving only monomers
Mesochemical, e.g. chemical reactors involving polymers
Megachemical, e.g. compost piles
 
S3 = Biological
 
Microbiological, e.g. single cells
Mesobiological, e.g. individual multicellular organisms
Megabiological, e.g. ecosystems
 
S4 = Social
 
Microsocial, e.g. families
Mesosocial, e.g. villages and concerns
Megasocial, e.g. large cities and nations
 
S5 = Technical
 
Microtechnical, e.g this book
Mesotechnical, e.g. farms and industrial plants
Megatechnical, e.g. a lumber-paper manufacturing-and-commercialization system